Transfer of Equity and Stamp Duty (plus a Transfer Of Equity Stamp Duty Calculator)

Conveyancing Process

The formalities of transferring equity vary depending on the type of transfer taking place. Most involve a document known as a Transfer Deed (Form TR1) being signed and witnessed by the relevant parties to the transaction.

If you have questions, you may wish to speak with one of our transfer of equity solicitors. Simply request a callback using the form on this page or call us.

If the property is also subject to a mortgage, then the person transferring ownership cannot be released without the lender’s prior written consent. Where a borrower is being released, the lender will typically be a party to the documentation.

Similarly, where a person is being added as a joint proprietor to a mortgaged property, the lender will usually require consent procedures, affordability checks and updated security (for example, a deed of substituted security) and will require the new owner to covenant to be bound by the mortgage.

The Lender may consider the credit status of applicants, previous track record of payments and will attempt to identify any potential problems in relation to future payments. For leasehold properties, post‑completion notices to the landlord/managing agent are commonly required under the lease.

Is SDLT payable when completing a transfer of equity?

You may need to pay Stamp Duty Land Tax (SDLT) when all or part of an interest in land or property is transferred to you and you give anything of monetary value in exchange.

Anything of monetary value that you give in exchange is called the ‘chargeable consideration’, and this includes the assumption of any share of the outstanding mortgage debt affecting the property which is received.

The rules you use to work out how much SDLT you pay depend on the circumstances of the property transfer. You pay SDLT if the chargeable consideration given in exchange for the share transfer is more than the current SDLT threshold for the property type. Note: the 3% higher rates for additional dwellings (HRAD) and the 2% non‑resident surcharge are separate regimes that can apply on top of standard rates where their conditions are met.

An SDLT return is generally required where chargeable consideration is £40,000 or more, even if no SDLT is payable due to thresholds or reliefs. SDLT is assessed using the law and rates in force on the effective date (usually completion).

For an estimate of your Stamp Duty Liability try our Transfer Of Equity Stamp Duty Calculator 

Current SDLT thresholds

From 1 April 2025, the general residential SDLT nil‑rate threshold reverted to £125,000, with the standard bands applying above that on the effective date of the transaction (usually completion):

• 2% on the slice £125,001–£250,000
• 5% on £250,001–£925,000
• 10% on £925,001–£1.5m
• 12% on the excess.

First‑time buyer relief remains separate and, where conditions are met, provides 0% on the first £300,000 and 5% on £300,001–£500,000 (no relief if the price exceeds £500,000).

For remortgages, SDLT is not payable where there is no land transaction (i.e., no transfer of ownership and no premium/chargeable consideration). By contrast, transfers of equity can trigger SDLT because “chargeable consideration” includes not only cash paid but also any mortgage debt the incoming owner agrees to assume.

For example, on a transfer where the transferee takes on £200,000 of the existing mortgage, SDLT is calculated at the standard rates on £200,000 (and an SDLT return is generally required where consideration is £40,000 or more). Pure inter‑spousal/civil‑partner transfers with no third‑party purchaser are carved out of the 3% higher rates for additional dwellings (HRAD), but standard SDLT on consideration (including assumed debt) can still apply. Where HRAD or the 2% non‑resident surcharge do apply, they are charged by bands and can “stack” with the standard rates.

For lease extensions, SDLT depends on the chargeable consideration, which can include any premium paid and, where relevant, the net present value of rent (many statutory extensions reserve a peppercorn, so the analysis often turns on the premium). An SDLT return is generally required where consideration is £40,000 or more even if no SDLT is ultimately due (for example, because bands/reliefs eliminate the liability). Company and connected‑party transactions may be subject to special market‑value rules and, for high‑value enveloped dwellings, separate ATED/15% considerations may arise.

At Starck Uberoi, we can advise you on Stamp Duty Land Tax liability across remortgages, transfers of equity and lease extensions. We model your SDLT exposure in advance (including chargeable consideration from assumed mortgage debt, premiums on extensions, the standard bands, first-time buyer relief, the 3% higher rates for additional dwellings and the 2% non‑resident surcharge), flag any company/connected‑party market‑value rules, and identify reliefs where available.

We also structure the transaction to avoid surprises, prepare and file the SDLT return within the 14‑day deadline, and coordinate timing with your lender (for example, deed of substituted security on a transfer of equity) and HM Land Registry so completion is seamless. For a clear, fixed‑fee quote and an upfront SDLT illustration tailored to your matter, speak to our team today.

You might also have to pay SDLT even when no money changes hands

This is because SDLT is charged on “chargeable consideration”, which includes not only cash but also any mortgage debt the transferee agrees to take on as part of the transfer. On a transfer of equity, an assumption of debt is if the incoming owner becomes liable (with the lender’s consent) for all or part of the existing mortgage. HMRC then treats the amount of debt they assume as chargeable consideration for SDLT purposes. This applies even if no cash is paid between the parties.

Example (current thresholds): The owner of a property valued at £500,000 with an outstanding mortgage of £400,000 transfers half the property to their spouse/civil partner. The transferee assumes 50% of the mortgage (£200,000). The £200,000 assumed debt is ‘chargeable consideration’. As at 1 April 2025, SDLT at standard residential rates is 0% on £125,000 and 2% on £75,000 = £1,500. Because consideration is £40,000 or more, an SDLT return is generally required.

Note: where the transfer is purely between spouses/civil partners (and no one else is a purchaser), the 3% higher rates (HRAD) do not apply, but standard SDLT rules (including debt assumption) still apply.

Higher SDLT rates between spouses?

Pure inter‑spousal/civil‑partner transfers are not charged at the 3% ‘additional property’ rates where no one else is a purchaser and the couple are ‘living together’ for tax purposes (Finance Act 2003, Sch 4ZA para 9A).

This carve‑out disapplies only the 3% surcharge—standard SDLT can still be payable if there is chargeable consideration (for example, assumed mortgage debt). If any third party also acquires an interest, or if the couple are not ‘living together’ for tax purposes, the carve‑out will not apply and the HRAD rules must be considered in the usual way. Using the figures in the example above (£200,000 consideration), the SDLT due remains £1,500 at standard rates, with no 3% surcharge.

Trusts and SDLT

SDLT applies to acquisitions of chargeable interests in land. A change in legal title alone, without a change in beneficial ownership (for example, confirming a bare trust/nominee arrangement), generally does not trigger SDLT. If a beneficial interest is transferred (for example, gifting 50% of the equity), SDLT may arise if there is chargeable consideration (cash paid or assumed mortgage debt). Special rules apply to partnerships and connected‑party/company transactions; there is no general ‘double taxation’ simply because a trust is involved. A declaration of trust can confirm whether beneficial ownership has changed. If it simply confirms an existing bare trust (no change in beneficial shares), SDLT is not usually due; if it transfers a new beneficial share, SDLT may be payable if consideration is given.

SDLT on transfers to a company

Where a property is transferred to a company connected with the transferor, SDLT is generally charged on market value (FA 2003, s.53), not merely the amount paid. Companies are usually within the 3% higher‑rates regime on residential purchases, regardless of property count. In some higher‑value residential cases, the 15% ‘ATED’ rate can apply to corporate purchasers (subject to statutory reliefs). The correct SDLT outcome depends on the facts, including value, use and connections.

Consent from existing lender

Most lenders require prior written consent to a transfer of equity. Parties joining the mortgage typically need to covenant to pay the mortgage, and if the lender agrees to release a borrower, your conveyancer must ensure that the documentation (often including a deed of substituted security/new mortgage deed) adequately documents that release.

Many lenders also require a panel firm to act and will need to execute relevant documents before completion where a borrower is being released.

Lenders usually have fees associated with equity transfer. They may charge administrative fees, valuation fees, or legal fees. It’s essential to clarify the fee structure with your lender beforehand to avoid any surprises during the process. Equity transfer itself may not directly impact your mortgage interest rate. However, it’s crucial to consult with your lender about any potential changes. In some cases, refinancing might be involved, which could lead to adjustments in interest rates.

Remortgage with a new lender.

Alternatively, you can arrange a new mortgage with a different lender combined with the transfer of equity. Remortgaging could be the better solution because it can allow for a more preferential interest rate and the possibility to raise additional capital.

Once the amount to be paid under the transfer is agreed between the parties and approval has been received from the existing lender or from a new mortgage provider and the Transfer Deed has been signed and witnessed then the transaction is complete.